Table 4

Correlates of past year nonmedical ADHD medication use

Sample
 Unadjusteda
 Adjusteda

%b
 OR
 95% CI
 OR
 95% CI
Age




     18–25
 4.34
 3.52
 1.76–7.08
 1.89
 0.87–3.64
     26–49
 1.27
 1.00


Sex




     Female
 1.66
 0.69
 0.35–1.36
 1.03
 0.48–2.22
     Male
 2.37
 1.00
1.00
Race/ethnicity




     White
 2.35
 1.00


     Nonwhite
 1.36
 0.57
 0.30–1.09
 0.59
 0.29–1.19
Education




     Less than high school graduate
 1.21
 0.65
 0.30–1.42
 0.81
 0.33–1.95
     High school graduate
 1.85
 1.00
1.00
     Some college
 3.26
 1.79
 0.78–4.09
 1.72
 0.72–4.13
     College graduate
 1.41
 0.76
 0.37–1.55
 0.75
 0.33–1.71
Student status (age 18–25)c




     College student
 4.57
 1.10
 0.67–1.81

     Nonstudent
 4.18
 1.00


Insurance




     Public
 2.12
 1.00
1.00
     Private
 1.69
 0.80
 0.42–1.51
 0.79
 0.40–1.58
ADHD status




     No dx w/meds lifetime
 1.53
 1.00
1.00
     Meds in lifetime, but not past year.
 8.94
 6.31
 1.84–21.44
 6.04
 1.72–21.15
     Meds in past year
 25.57
 22.08
 9.53–51.18
 9.95
 2.55–38.85
Past-month binge alcohol used




     No
 0.90
 1.00
1.00
     Yes
 4.46
 5.13
 2.48–10.63
 4.38
 1.70–27.42
Past-year marijuana use




     No
 1.09
 1.00
1.00
     Yes
 7.41
 7.29
 3.51–15.16
 16.78
 6.66–42.27
Past-year methamphetamine use




     No
 1.70
 1.00
1.00
     Yes
 45.50
 48.27
 20.62–112.91
 2.00
 0.76–5.29
Past-year cocaine use




     No
 1.33
 1.00
1.00
     Yes
 26.23
 26.37
 11.23–61.92
 2.73
 1.13–6.60

ADHD = Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; CI = Confidence interval; OR = Odds ratio (1.00 = reference group).

a Unadjusted models are bivariate associations. The adjusted model was a single model that included all the characteristics listed in this table as covariates.

b Weighted to the U.S. population of noninstitutionalized civilian adults, aged 18 to49.

c Student status was not estimated in the adjusted model.

d Defined as having five or more drinks in a single occasion at least once in the past 30 days.

Novak et al. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy 2007 2:32   doi:10.1186/1747-597X-2-32