Table 4

Correlates of past year nonmedical ADHD medication use

Sample

Unadjusted^a

Adjusted^a

%^b

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

Age

18–25

4.34

3.52

1.76–7.08

1.89

0.87–3.64

26–49

1.27

1.00

Sex

Female

1.66

0.69

0.35–1.36

1.03

0.48–2.22

Male

2.37

1.00

1.00

Race/ethnicity

White

2.35

1.00

Nonwhite

1.36

0.57

0.30–1.09

0.59

0.29–1.19

Education

Less than high school graduate

1.21

0.65

0.30–1.42

0.81

0.33–1.95

High school graduate

1.85

1.00

1.00

Some college

3.26

1.79

0.78–4.09

1.72

0.72–4.13

College graduate

1.41

0.76

0.37–1.55

0.75

0.33–1.71

Student status (age 18–25)^c

College student

4.57

1.10

0.67–1.81

Nonstudent

4.18

1.00

Insurance

Public

2.12

1.00

1.00

Private

1.69

0.80

0.42–1.51

0.79

0.40–1.58

ADHD status

No dx w/meds lifetime

1.53

1.00

1.00

Meds in lifetime, but not past year.

8.94

6.31

1.84–21.44

6.04

1.72–21.15

Meds in past year

25.57

22.08

9.53–51.18

9.95

2.55–38.85

Past-month binge alcohol use^d

No

0.90

1.00

1.00

Yes

4.46

5.13

2.48–10.63

4.38

1.70–27.42

Past-year marijuana use

No

1.09

1.00

1.00

Yes

7.41

7.29

3.51–15.16

16.78

6.66–42.27

Past-year methamphetamine use

No

1.70

1.00

1.00

Yes

45.50

48.27

20.62–112.91

2.00

0.76–5.29

Past-year cocaine use

No

1.33

1.00

1.00

Yes

26.23

26.37

11.23–61.92

2.73

1.13–6.60

ADHD = Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; CI = Confidence interval; OR = Odds ratio (1.00 = reference group).

^a Unadjusted models are bivariate associations. The adjusted model was a single model that included all the characteristics listed in this table as covariates.

^b Weighted to the U.S. population of noninstitutionalized civilian adults, aged 18 to49.

^c Student status was not estimated in the adjusted model.

^d Defined as having five or more drinks in a single occasion at least once in the past 30 days.

Novak et al. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy 2007 2:32   doi:10.1186/1747-597X-2-32