Table 5

Odds ratios from logistic regression analyses (binary and multinomial) examining associations of family functioning with children's self-reported alcohol consumption (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001)

Ever tried alcohol (n = 4977)

Frequent drinker (n = 3651)

Ever been seriously drunk (n = 3594)

Drunk alcohol in past 4 weeks (n = 3697)

Binge drunk in last 4 weeks (n = 3687)

1-2 times

More than twice

1-2 times

More than twice

Univariable associations

Family closeness

0.51***

(0.46 to 0.56)

0.49***

(0.44 to 0.54)

0.54***

(0.49 to 0.59)

0.73***

(0.65 to 0.82)

0.48***

(0.43 to 0.54)

0.60***

(0.54 to 0.67)

0.45***

(0.40 to 0.51)

Parental monitoring

0.16***

(0.14 0.19)

0.19***

(0.16 to 0.23)

0.22***

(0.19 to 0.25)

0.32***

(0.27 to 0.38)

0.11***

(0.09 to 0.13)

0.24***

(0.20 to 0.28)

0.11***

(0.09 to 0.13)

Family conflict

1.63***

(1.50 to 1.78)

1.42***

(1.29 to 1.57)

1.38***

(1.27 to 1.50)

1.28**

(1.16 to 1.40)

1.51***

(1.36 to 1.67)

1.24***

(1.12 to 1.36)

1.40***

(1.25 to 1.57)

Family violence

1.46***

(1.26 to 1.69)

1.70***

(1.49 to 1.94)

1.42***

(1.26 to 1.60)

1.20*

(1.03 to 1.40)

1.57***

(1.37 to 1.85)

1.34***

(1.16 to 1.55)

1.77***

(1.53 to 2.06)

Parental attitudes to substance misuse

4.68***

(3.35 to 6.54)

4.47***

(3.70 to 5.41)

4.12***

(3.34 to 5.07)

2.83***

(2.06 to 3.90)

8.30***

(6.06 to 11.35)

5.92***

(4.58 to 7.64)

10.85***

(8.32 to 14.14)

Parental attitudes - alcohol petty crime

4.50***

(3.77 to 5.38)

3.60***

(3.08 to 4.20)

2.98***

(2.60 to 3.42)

2.21***

(1.86 to 2.62)

4.80***

(4.00 to 5.76)

3.01***

(2.56 to 3.53)

5.41***

(4.50 to 6.50)

Brothers or sisters drank frequently

5.59***

(4.56 to 6.85)

2.94***

(2.48 to 3.47)

2.64***

(2.30 to 3.04)

1.89***

(1.60 to 2.24)

3.78***

(3.16 to 4.51)

2.76***

(2.35 to 3.24)

3.31***

(2.74 to 3.01)

Family member substance problem

3.15***

(2.48 to 4.00)

2.43***

(2.01 to 2.93)

2.61***

(2.21 to 3.10)

1.32*

(1.07 to 1.62)

2.21***

(1.79 to 2.73)

1.81***

(1.51 to 2.24)

2.77***

(2.23 to 3.43)

Multivariate analysis - Protective factors

Family closeness

0.97

(0.86 to 1.09)

0.86*

(0.75 to 0.98)

0.91

(0.81 to 1.03)

1.08

(0.95 to 1.22)

1.06

(0.91 to 1.22)

0.98

(0.86 to 1.12)

0.97

(0.82 to 1.14)

Parental monitoring

0.23***

(0.19 to 0.28)

0.27***

(0.22 to 0.33)

0.31***

(0.26 to 0.37)

0.35***

(0.28 to 0.43)

0.16***

(0.12 to 0.20)

0.29***

(0.24 to 0.36)

0.15***

(0.12 to 0.19)

Multivariate analysis - Parental monitoring and risk factors

Parental monitoring

0.38***

(0.31 to 0.46)

0.41***

(0.33 to 0.52)

0.41***

(0.34 to 0.50)

0.45***

(0.36 to 0.55)

0.25***

(0.20 to 0.32)

0.43***

(0.35 to 0.53)

0.26***

(0.20 to 0.34)

Family conflict

1.27***

(1.14 to 1.41)

0.92

(0.79 to 1.07)

1.04

(0.94 to 1.16)

1.14*

(1.02 to 1.27)

1.07

(0.94 to 1.22)

0.93

(0.82 to 1.05)

0.84*

(0.72 to 0.98)

Family violence

.90

(0.76 to 1.07)

1.12

(0.94 to 1.31)

0.97

(0.82 to 1.13)

0.93

(0.78 to 1.11)

0.94

(0.77 to 1.15)

1.02

(0.83 to 1.22)

1.14

(0.92 to 1.40)

Parental attitudes to substance misuse

0.79

(0.58 to 1.08)

1.94***

(1.56 to 2.42)

1.52***

(1.20 to 1.91)

1.20

(0.86 to 1.68)

2.15***

(1.54 to 3.01)

2.26***

(1.70 to 2.99)

3.05***

(2.27 to 4.11)

Parental attitudes - alcohol petty crime

1.67***

(1.34 to 2.09)

1.30*

(1.05 to 1.61)

1.27**

(1.05 to 1.54)

1.27**

(1.03 to 1.57)

1.30**

(1.02 to 1.65)

1.44**

(1.17 to 1.77)

1.54**

(1.20 to 1.99)

Brothers or sisters drank frequently

3.14***

(2.53 to 3.91)

1.87**

(1.55 to 2.26)

1.69***

(1.44 to 1.98)

1.49***

(1.24 to 1.78)

2.32**

(1.84 to 2.76)

1.97***

(1.65 to 2.36)

2.02***

(1.61 to 2.53)

Family member with substance problem

1.72***

(1.32 to 2.24)

1.33***

(1.06 to 1.67)

1.73***

(1.43 to 2.14)

0.97

(0.77 to 1.22)

1.06

(0.82 to 1.37)

1.25

(0.99 to 1.56)

1.43**

(1.10 to 1.88)

Nagelkerke R²

0.29

0.26

0.31

0.26

0.32

Moore et al. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy 2010 5:6   doi:10.1186/1747-597X-5-6